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It is directly related to the term “organization”. There is a long tradition of defining organisms as self-organizing beings, going back at least to Immanuel Kant ‘s Critique of Judgment. Dictionary definitions can be broad, using phrases such as “any living structure, such as a plant, animal, fungus or bacterium, capable of growth and reproduction”.

Non-cellular life Viruses are not typically considered to be organisms because they are incapable of autonomous reproduction , growth or metabolism.

Pattern Matching: Organic Molecules Part II Chemists and other scientists use a variety of representational styles or conventions for drawing molecules, and they shift easily between them.

Are you sure you want to delete this answer? Yes Sorry, something has gone wrong. This is a hydration reaction which doesn’t follow Markovnikov’s rule meaning the -OH adds to the less-substituted carbon of the olefin. The diagram is lacking an indication that the product you get is the rascemic mixture of the stereoisomer actually drawn. Becouse there’s only one reagent to carry out an anti-Markovnikov olefin hydratation, and that’s a hydroboration reaction, with reagent b. In the first step, an alkyl-borane forms, with both boron and a hydride anion attacking the olefin.

Since this attack is syn from the same side of the double bond , the boron and the methyl group always end trans to each other, in respect to the cyclohexane ring. But each side of the double bond will give rise to a diferent enantiomer, and the end product is a rascemic mixture. In this reaction, the double bond is broken, and each of its carbons oxidized. Just that should make a neon-light sign which reads “Ozonolysis” light up in your head.

Since we get an aldehyde and not a carboxylic acid, this particular case is a reductive ozonolysis, which uses zinc metal. To get the carboxylic acid instead you’d use hydrogen peroxide instead, after the ozone. But you really needn’t know that, since there’s only one option containing ozone, and thus its obviously the right one: This is almost like 11, only this time the -OH is on the other atom.